{"id":35,"date":"2020-08-26T18:16:28","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T22:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/?p=35"},"modified":"2020-08-26T18:28:55","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T22:28:55","slug":"decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/supplychain\/macro-micro-decisions-part-2-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Macro and micro decisions - part 2\/2"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Photo by Remy Gieling<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I repeat the question from the previous article: What do companies' results depend on? They depend on decisions: the macro decisions set a north, the micro decisions are the execution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the previous article, I stated that one of the macro decisions that should guide companies is to fulfill the promise made to customers.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The two typical promises from manufacturing companies are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. They promise immediate delivery.<\/li>
  2. They promise a delivery time.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    I have already examined how promise 1 is frequently broken. And I also offered the simple Theory of Constraints solution, which has had a long history of success. It is a very simple idea and can be automated (see https:\/\/fillrate100.com).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Promise 2, to deliver on time within the promised deadline, without sacrificing quality, is also one of those promises that all companies make but few keep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    If you produce to order, you know you must promise a delivery time. And you might deliver on that promise 80% -85% of the time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    This was the case of a company in Chile, which had a turnover of about USD 500 million a year. In 2008 or 2009 I met with the operations manager and production manager of this company, to explore if they would be interested in what we have to offer. After exchanging some data, I asked them if they measured delivery on time, to which they answered yes. They measured OTIF - On Time In Full and, they added, they had 79.4% on that indicator, which they considered good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Extra\u00f1ado, les pregunt\u00e9 por qu\u00e9 lo consideraban bueno. Su respuesta me sorprendi\u00f3 m\u00e1s: \u00ab\u00a1porque est\u00e1 muy cerca del 85%, que es el l\u00edmite te\u00f3rico!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Do you remember the 94% fill rate from the previous article? That practical limit that cannot be improved without high cost, making it less profitable. I already showed how a fill rate close to 100% can be achieved with less inventory and less cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    This is also the same case. More than 85% of OTIF, they explained to me, is not profitable; it can be done, but at too high a cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    As I offered to increase the OTIF over 98% with lower costs, they did not believe it possible and we did not continue talking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    I want to pause a bit to reflect on what 90% or less of OTIF means. When you declare that you have an 85% on-time delivery, you are saying that there is a 15% chance of being late.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Most of the time, delays cause great damage to clients. They are so large that a low probability of occurrence represents a moderate to high risk. A risk worth mitigating; In other words, if you eliminate that risk, you are generating great customer value. This is also evident by observing the reaction of clients to delays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In practice, if the damage is appreciable, 10% or 40% are similar. For the client, both probabilities are too high. Consider the game of Russian roulette. If you have 6 bullets, the chance of survival is 14%. If you have 10 bullets, it goes down to 10%. Is the risk acceptable in the second case? What if you have 20 bullets?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    It seems to me that delivery on time is acceptable from 95% -98% upwards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Why are companies unable to better meet their delivery deadlines? Let's think about this a bit: we have an order queue, and we have installed capacity. Simply put, capacity is measured in units per hour, so the known number of queued orders represents a fairly exact number of hours, assuming we know the capacity, of course. And knowing how many hours a day our company works, we already know what is the next date that we could promise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Many companies are wrong in that estimate. It must be a mistake, because if they promise the dates knowing that they will not comply, they show total ignorance about what the clients value. Where are they wrong? We have only two factors to do the date calculation: the load already committed and the capacity. The committed load is a known quantity, without any variability. Only the capacity remains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Why are they so wrong about capacity? Don't planners know their plant? They don't know how many hours a day they work and what days are holidays?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The explanation that remains is that the effective production capacity of a plant does not only depend on the installed capacity. There is another factor that strongly affects capacity: it is the WIP for work in progress.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Voy a apelar a su intuici\u00f3n. La capacidad de una autopista para \u00abprocesar\u00bb autom\u00f3viles se puede medir en la cantidad de autos que pasan por un punto al final de la autopista. Y esta cantidad va a depender de la velocidad promedio de los autos. La cantidad de autos en la autopista es el WIP. Si el WIP es muy poco, la producci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n (no importa que los autos puedan ir a m\u00e1xima velocidad; son pocos autos por hora). Cuando va creciendo el WIP, m\u00e1s autos por kil\u00f3metro, la producci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n va creciendo, porque la velocidad sigue siendo la m\u00e1xima, pero ahora son m\u00e1s autos. Si el WIP sigue creciendo, como el \u00faltimo d\u00eda de vacaciones y todos vuelven al mismo tiempo, sabemos por experiencia que la velocidad promedio es mucho menor, por lo que la producci\u00f3n de autos por hora tambi\u00e9n es menor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    That is, the capacity of a system is determined by the WIP. If I control WIP, I control capacity.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    In the example of the highway, if we organized and controlled the number of cars entering the highway, they would all get to their destination faster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    We already have enough information to design the first daily micro decision that will make it possible to fulfill the promise to deliver on time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Micro decision number 1: decide which production orders should be in process.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    This also means that we have decided that the rest of the orders will wait a few days. Even if the first resource goes unoccupied ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Como en el art\u00edculo anterior, las micro decisiones diarias de la mayor\u00eda de las empresas se toman sobre una base equivocada. En la mayor\u00eda de las empresas intentan mantener a todos los recursos ocupados, bajo la creencia de que todo tiempo ocioso en la l\u00ednea de producci\u00f3n es un desperdicio. Y tambi\u00e9n, lanzan a producci\u00f3n todas las \u00f3rdenes lo antes posible por la creencia de \u00abmientras antes empiezo, antes termino\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Both beliefs are false. I am not going to expand here to demonstrate it, because there is abundant material to learn from this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Micro decision number 2: decide in what sequence the orders should be processed in each resource. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Since we want to meet the deadline, the primary criterion is the delivery date. However, there are several considerations that advise processing one order before another, even if it must be delivered later. Therefore, we need a simple and robust system that allows each person in the plant to decide what to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Micro Decision # 3: With WIP in control, you can decide which dates to promise to always comply.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Without WIP control, you cannot do load control to predict dates. But already established, it is simple to calculate the most probable dates that can be promised. These three daily micro decisions determine the OTIF of companies. You can learn more about the details at https:\/\/otif100.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Don't settle for an on-time delivery of less than 95% - it's possible and it's achieved at a lower cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Repito la pregunta del art\u00edculo anterior: \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 dependen los resultados de las empresas? De las decisiones: las macro decisiones fijan un norte, las micro decisiones son la ejecuci\u00f3n. En el art\u00edculo anterior afirm\u00e9 que una decisi\u00f3n macro que deber\u00eda guiar a las empresas es cumplir la promesa que se hace a los clientes. Las […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nDecisiones macro y micro - parte 2\/2 - Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/supplychain\/macro-micro-decisions-part-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Decisiones macro y micro - parte 2\/2 - Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Repito la pregunta del art\u00edculo anterior: \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 dependen los resultados de las empresas? De las decisiones: las macro decisiones fijan un norte, las micro decisiones son la ejecuci\u00f3n. En el art\u00edculo anterior afirm\u00e9 que una decisi\u00f3n macro que deber\u00eda guiar a las empresas es cumplir la promesa que se hace a los clientes. Las […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/supplychain\/macro-micro-decisions-part-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-26T22:16:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-26T22:28:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/remy-gieling-qqtE2yX7POI-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mat\u00edas Birrell\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Blog\",\"description\":\"Goldfish Ltd - blog\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/remy-gieling-qqtE2yX7POI-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/remy-gieling-qqtE2yX7POI-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/\",\"name\":\"Decisiones macro y micro - parte 2\/2 - Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-26T22:16:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-26T22:28:55+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/fd277a824b6135cc34bf1ea0ed9ab65b\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Decisiones macro y micro – parte 2\/2\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/fd277a824b6135cc34bf1ea0ed9ab65b\",\"name\":\"Mat\\u00edas Birrell\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/38b980fb6eaeff5b2c01a1832bf42239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/38b980fb6eaeff5b2c01a1832bf42239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Mat\\u00edas Birrell\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/goldfish.cl\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/author\/matias-birrell\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Decisiones macro y micro - parte 2\/2 - Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/supplychain\/macro-micro-decisions-part-2-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Decisiones macro y micro - parte 2\/2 - Blog","og_description":"Repito la pregunta del art\u00edculo anterior: \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 dependen los resultados de las empresas? De las decisiones: las macro decisiones fijan un norte, las micro decisiones son la ejecuci\u00f3n. En el art\u00edculo anterior afirm\u00e9 que una decisi\u00f3n macro que deber\u00eda guiar a las empresas es cumplir la promesa que se hace a los clientes. Las […]","og_url":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/supplychain\/macro-micro-decisions-part-2-2\/","og_site_name":"Blog","article_published_time":"2020-08-26T22:16:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-08-26T22:28:55+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/remy-gieling-qqtE2yX7POI-unsplash-1024x683.jpg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Mat\u00edas Birrell","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/","name":"Blog","description":"Goldfish Ltd - blog","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/remy-gieling-qqtE2yX7POI-unsplash-1024x683.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/remy-gieling-qqtE2yX7POI-unsplash-1024x683.jpg"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#webpage","url":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/","name":"Decisiones macro y micro - parte 2\/2 - Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2020-08-26T22:16:28+00:00","dateModified":"2020-08-26T22:28:55+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/fd277a824b6135cc34bf1ea0ed9ab65b"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/cadenadesuministro\/decisiones-macro-y-micro-parte-2-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"http:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Decisiones macro y micro – parte 2\/2"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/fd277a824b6135cc34bf1ea0ed9ab65b","name":"Mat\u00edas Birrell","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/38b980fb6eaeff5b2c01a1832bf42239?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/38b980fb6eaeff5b2c01a1832bf42239?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Mat\u00edas Birrell"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/goldfish.cl"],"url":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/author\/matias-birrell\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40,"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions\/40"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.goldfish.cl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}